Machine for manufacturing toothed wheels, screw wheels, or the like



Feb. 27, 1923. 1,446,777.

, I S. G. WIN'GQUISL' I MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TOOTHED WHEELS, SCREWWHEELS, OR THE LIKE.

2 sHE *SSHEET g.

flLED MARE 2, I921.

Feb. 27, 1923.

' 1,446,777, S. G. WINGQUIST. UFACTURING TOOTHED wHEELs SCREW WHEELS, ORTHE LIKE.

MACHINE FOR MAN 2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

FILED MAR. 2. I921.

Patented Feb. 2?, i923.

uNrr star-s SVEN GUSTAF JVINGQUIST, OF GQTTENBOR-G. SWEBEN, ASSTEGNOPITO AKTIEBGLAGET SVENSKA KULLAG'ERFABBIKEN, OF GOTTEHBORG, SWEDEN,CORPORATION OF SWEDEN.

Application filed. March 2, 1921. Serial No. 449,008.

To all whomit may concern: I Be it known that I, SvnN Gris'riir, ING-Uisr, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at Gottenborg, in theKingdom oi: Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements inMachines for Manufacturing Toothed \Vheels, Screw ll heels, or the like,of which the following is ,a'specification.

This invention relates to machines for manufacturing toothed wheels,worm wheels, bevel gear wheels or the like by milling, planin orgrinding operations according tothe rolling principle or according to another generating principle in which the wheel blank and the tool performa relative rolling or rotating movement during the operation. Theinvention relates more particula-rly to such machines of the said kindin which the said rolling or rotating movement is controlled by alinksystem. The essentialinconvenience of machines as heretofore known,having motion transmitting means of the said kind consists in this thatone and the same machine cannot be used for manufacturing wheels havingdifferent pitch or rolling circles, as a given link system the links ofwhich have definite lengths will produce a correct rolling movement onlyat a definite diameter of the rolling circle corresponding to the lengthof the links. This invention has for its object to enable a correctrolling movement of wheels the pitch or rolling circles of which maybevaried within wide limits, to be obtained in such machines by means of,one and the same link. system, Theinvention consists, essentially,

in this thatthe tool is displayed relatively to the wheel blank in thedirection of rolling of the latter proportionally to the displacement ofthe wheel blank in such away I that the said displacements will bear arelation to one anothen which. corresponds tothe relation thedifi'erencebetween the radii of the rolling circles of the link systemand of the wheel blank bears to the radiusof the 1 011 the link system.In ent of the invention,

the machine part the tool is pivg circle of otally connected to adouble-armed lever which one endis provided with a stationany ,gi'tideway, the. other end of said lever bein controll d by the m chine partcarry- 7 l g ith jwheel blank, the axis of rotation of the said leverbeing. situated on a tangent tanee 0 0 the c to the rolling circle ofthe wheel blank which parallel to the direction of rolling. y Theinvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, Fig. l-shows,diagrammatically a known link system. Fig. 2

shows diagrammatically one embodiment of a link system-according tothis. invention.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view ofa machine for manufacturing spur gear wheelsandihaving a link system according to Fig. 2. Fig. t is a sideelevationv ofthe machine, as shown in Fig. 3, partly in section. V i iThe known-link system illustrated'in Fig. 1 by means ofwhich thecylinder C is caused to roll on theplane surface P, consists of a. linkor crank a rigidly "connected to the shaft 09 of the cylinder and havinga length equal to the radius of the cylinder C. Pivotally and slidablyconnected to the free end a, of said link a is alink I) having a. shaftw stationary with relation to the shaft 00 and being pivotally and,slidably guided at the point 0 where the rolling movement. of thecylinder C begins. The shaft 00 of the link i) is always situated on thestraight line L extending through the rolling point 0 at every instantand through the cylinder sh aft a. The two shafts x and 00 may beattached 9 to a slide movable in the direction of rolling and thedisplacement of which causes the cylinder C by the aid of the linksystem a. b to move relatively to the planesurt'ace P; It should beunderstood that the character of this movementv depends on the length ofthe link Zuand. by choosing-this length, as proposed, equal. or approximately equal to thrice the radius of the cylinder C.

thesaid movement will represent, for small angles of rolling, a,practically,ideal rolling V movement on the plane surface P. Thelinksystem shown cannot, as is readily understood he used for unnollin'g.other cylinders than those having their radii eq al,.to the length ofthe link a; p

In Fig. 2 there is shown an arrangement of thelink system accordingl'iO. t.l1iS,lI1lTI tion whereby one and thesame l; k system may be usedtor enrolling cylinders havi ,9: different, radii; Th link system pop isidentical. with that shown in. j consists of the twojl-i iks a a slide.carrying the (shafts placed in ,.the direfition off;

"under {(3 i above described, by a corresponding distance while rollingon the plane surface P. Assuming now another cylinder G coaxial\viththe. cylinder C and rigidly connected thereto and having a diameterwhich is less than that of the cylinder C, it is readily understood,that said other cylinder in the said displacement of the shafts as and:0 will ing movement, as 'is readily understood, will take place along aportion of the surface P bearing a relation tothe distance O0 on thesurface P which is equal to the relation which the radius of thecylinder C bears to the radius of the cylinder C. Rolling movement, inother words, will take place along a distance corresponding to thedistance 0 -0 while the distance O 0 represents the portion of the totaldistance O 0 on which sliding movement takes place. Thus, by displacingthe surface P in the direction of rolling by a distance 0 -0 while atthe same time moving the cylinder 0 by the distance O 0 the movementofthe cylinder C relatively to the surface P will be a proper rollingmovement bya distance equal to the distance 0 -0 The length of thedistance O 0 representing the displacement bears a relation to the totallength O .0 which is equal to the relation which the difference betweenthe radii of the cylinders C and C bears to the radius of the cylinderC. The said displacement of the surface P may be effected according tothis 7 invention by pivotally connecting to the surface P as at 0indicated in the drawing by the dotted line, a double-armed lever 0 ofwhich one end is provided with a stationary guide-way at the initialpoint '0 the other end of said lever being guided by the inovable shaftw of the cylinder 0.. The said lever in the movement of the cylinder Cfrom the initial position 0 and to the'position 0 will evidentlydisplace the surface P accurately by the distance O 0 and rolling willtake place by means of the links a and b by a distance corresponding tothe distance 0 0 Evidently, the lever 0 need not be guided necessarilyat the points O, 0 and as, but'may be substituted by any lever situatedany-where and parallel to the lever c, as for instance the lever 0indicated by full lines in the drawing. An essential requirement is onlythat the axi of rotatio 0 0f the le ver is situated on a tangent to thecylinder C parallel to the direction of rolling. 5y lacing the surfaceof rolling P on a slide of the link system.

adjustable at right angles to the direction of rolling and by means ofwhich the axis of rotation 0 may be adjusted in the said direction sothat thedistance 0 -a2 becomes equal tothe radius of rolling desired, itis possible, by means of one and the same link system (a, Z9) to unrollcylinders having radii of any desired length. I p

In Figs 3 and 4 there is shown a constructional form of the link systemaccording to Fig. 2 as applied to a machine for manufacturing spur gearwheels. Like reference numerals for the sake of clearness have beenused, as far as possible, to indicate corre sponding parts in Figs. 2, 3and'. With reference to Figs. 3 and 4:, 1 denotes a frame carrying aslide 2 movable in the direction of rolling and forming a bearing forthe shaft 00 of the link a as well as for the shaft Q31 of the link b.The link 6 is provided at its'one end with a pivot O' mounted in abearing 3 formed in the frame 1, and forms at the same end a guide-wayor seat 4 for a slide 5 carrying the pivot ai of the link or crank a,connected at its other end to the shaft 0:. Provided at the other end ofthe link Z) is a guide-wayor seat 6 for a slide 7 carrying the shaft 00so that upon the displacement of the slide 2 and the resulting swingingmovement of thelink b about the rigid pivot O, the shaft m with theslide 7 may be displaced relatively to the link I).

.Rigidly connected to the shaft a? of the link a is a' table 8 forreceiving the wheel blank H to be rolled relatively to the tool by meansThe tool consists in this case of a vertically adjustable cutter 9representing one tooth of an imagined generating rack on the pitchsurface P of which the wheel blank H- is to be rolled with its pitchcircle 0 The cutter 9 is carried by a slide 10 movable in the directionof rolling and journalled, as by'means of an arm 11 and a pivot 0 to thedouble armed lever 0 The lever 0 the geometric axis of rotation 0 ofwhich is shown as adjusted into the surface P touching the pitch circle'0 of the wheel blank C is shaped to form guide-v ways both for a slide12 supporting a pivot pin or shaft 13 journalled in the machine frame1., and for a slide 14 having attached to it a pivot pin or a shaft 15journalled in an arm 16 projecting from the slide 2. The

slide 10 is carried by a slide 17 guided in the frame 1 and adjustableat'right angles to the direction of rolling so'as to enable the pivotpin 0 of the lever 0 which is connected to the slide 10 to be adjustedaccording to the rolling or pitch circle in each instance.

The operation of the device corresponds in all essential parts to thatdescribed in connection with Fig. 2 and is briefly stated as follows;The wheel blank H having been clai -ped to the table 8, and the tool 9with the pivot pin 0 of the lever 0 having been adjusted correspondinglyto the pitch circle C, of the wheel blank, the tool 9 is caused, as bymeans of any appropriate driving means, to perform a reciprocatingcutting movement, the slide 2 being at the same time displaced slowly inthe direction towards the tool (that is downwards in Fig. 8). This willproduce, by means of the lever 0 a displacement of the slide 10 with thecutting tool 9 in the direction of movement of the slide 2 so that, asexplained in connection with the description of Fig. 2, the relativemovement of the wheel blank with respect to the tool will be a purerolling movement and the tool will form a complete tooth space in thewheel blank. As will appear from Fig. 3 the unrolling operation takesplace at both sides of the central position of the link system and,preferably, symmetrically with respect to said position thus ensuring amore correct tooth shape than would be obtained in case of the unrollingtaking place at one side of the central position only.

It should be understood that while one embodiment of the'invention isshown in the accompanying drawings by way of example, the invention maybe embodied in other forms and that the details of the embodiment shownmay be variously changed and modified without departing from the spiritof the invention, which is not limited to any particular form orconstruction of the parts except in so far as such limitations arespecified in the claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a machine for manufacturing gear wheels according to the principleset forth, the combination with a link system for producing a relativerolling movement between a wheel blank and a tool, of means fordisplacing the tool relatively to the wheel blank in the direction ofrolling of the latter proportionally to the displacement of the wheelblank in such a way'that said displacements will bear a relation to oneanother corresponding to the relation which the difference between theradii of the roll ing circles of the link system and of the wheel blank,respectively, bears to the, radius of the rolling circle of link system.

2. In a machine for manufacturinggear wheels on the principle set forth,the combination with a link system for producing a relative rollingmovement between a wheel blank and a tool, of means for carrying thetool, means for carrying the wheel blank, a double-armed lever, apivotal connection between said lever and the meanscarrying the tool, astationary guide for one end of said lever, the other end of said leverbeing controlled by the means carrying the wheel blank, the said pivotalconnection being situated on a tangent to the rolling circle of thewheel blank parallel to the direction of rolling.

3. In a machine for manufacturing gear wheels according to the principleset forth, I

the combination with a link system for producing a relative rollingmovement between a wheel blank and a tool, of means carrying the tool,said means being adjustable in a direction at right angles to thedirection of rolling.

4:. In a machine for manufacturing gear wheels according to theprinciple set forth, the combination with alink system for producing arelative'rolling movement between a wheel blank and a tool, of means forcarrying the tool, said means being adjustable in a direction at rightangles to the direction of rolling, means for carrying the wheel blank,a double-armed lever, a pivotal connection between said lever and themeans carrying the tool, a stationary guide for one end of said lever,"the other end of said lever being controlled by the means carrying thewheel blank, the said pivotal connection being situated on a tangent tothe rolling circle of the wheel blank parallel to the direction ofrolling.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name. v

SVEN GUSTAF WINGQUIST.

